Node.js简单API示例教程

1. 基础API服务器

// server.js
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;

// 中间件
app.use(express.json()); // 解析JSON请求体
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // 解析URL编码请求体

// 基础路由
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.json({
    message: '欢迎使用Node.js API',
    version: '1.0.0',
    endpoints: {
      users: '/api/users',
      posts: '/api/posts',
      products: '/api/products'
    }
  });
});

// 用户数据
let users = [
  { id: 1, name: '张三', email: 'zhangsan@example.com' },
  { id: 2, name: '李四', email: 'lisi@example.com' },
  { id: 3, name: '王五', email: 'wangwu@example.com' }
];

// 用户相关API
app.get('/api/users', (req, res) => {
  res.json({
    success: true,
    count: users.length,
    data: users
  });
});

app.get('/api/users/:id', (req, res) => {
  const userId = parseInt(req.params.id);
  const user = users.find(u => u.id === userId);
  
  if (user) {
    res.json({
      success: true,
      data: user
    });
  } else {
    res.status(404).json({
      success: false,
      message: '用户不存在'
    });
  }
});

app.post('/api/users', (req, res) => {
  const { name, email } = req.body;
  
  if (!name || !email) {
    return res.status(400).json({
      success: false,
      message: '请提供用户名和邮箱'
    });
  }
  
  const newUser = {
    id: users.length + 1,
    name,
    email
  };
  
  users.push(newUser);
  
  res.status(201).json({
    success: true,
    message: '用户创建成功',
    data: newUser
  });
});

// 错误处理中间件
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error(err.stack);
  res.status(500).json({
    success: false,
    message: '服务器内部错误',
    error: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? err.message : {}
  });
});

// 404处理
app.use((req, res) => {
  res.status(404).json({
    success: false,
    message: '路由不存在'
  });
});

// 启动服务器
app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`🚀 服务器运行在 http://localhost:${PORT}`);
  console.log(`📝 API文档: http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});

2. package.json 配置

{
  "name": "simple-node-api",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "简单的Node.js API服务器",
  "main": "server.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node server.js",
    "dev": "nodemon server.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.18.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "nodemon": "^3.0.1"
  }
}